1. The very first time the word judge is used in the Old Testament, it is found in the midst of the account
of God entering into a covenant relationship with a man named Abram (Abraham).
a. The Lord selected Abram to be the head of the people group through whom Jesus would come into
this world (the Jews). God’s plan was to settle this man and his people in the land of Canaan
(modern day Israel).
1. Although Abraham’s wife was barren as a young woman and both of them were now too old to
have children, God promised them that they would have a son (lessons for another day).
2. In Gen 15:14 God told Abraham that in the future his descendents would be enslaved in a
foreign land for four hundred years, but that He would then deliver them and bring them home.
b. In that context God said: I will judge the nation that enslaves them and they will come away with

TCC—1094
2
great wealth (Gen 15:14). The word translated judge means to bring justice or pass sentence.
2. Just as the Lord predicted, Abraham’s descendants ended up as slaves in Egypt several centuries later.
But God raised up a man named Moses and tasked him with successfully leading Israel (Abraham’s
descendants) out of Egypt (many of lessons for another day).
a. God sent Moses to Pharaoh (king of Egypt) with a message: The Lord says: Let my people go.
Pharaoh refused and then increased Israel’s already overwhelming work load. Ex 5:1-23
1. God directed Moses to tell the people: (I have heard your cries and) will free you from slavery
in Egypt. I will redeem you with mighty power and great acts of judgment (Ex 6:6, NLT).
2. The Hebrew word used here comes from a verb that means to judge or pronounce sentence
for or against—I will…redeem you with an uplifted arm and with great decision (Septuagint).
A. Note the connection between the words redemption and judgment. When we read the
account of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt by the power of God, we find that He delivered
(redeemed) His people by defeating (judging) their enemies.
B. Based on God’s interaction with their ancestors, the first Christians understood judgment
to mean God that separates His people from their enemies.
3. The word judgment in the New Testament is translated from a Greek word that means to
distinguish or to decide judicially. To separate, distinguish between good and evil, and chose
out the good.
b. Through a series of power demonstrations (often called plagues) Almighty God persuaded Pharaoh
to release His people and allow them to return to Canaan. We will discuss the plagues in detail in
later lessons. For now, consider these points.
1. Each plague was a direct challenge to the gods of Egypt—power demonstrations designed to
show both Israel and the Egyptians that there is no God but Jehovah, God Almighty: I will
execute judgment against all the gods of Egypt, for I am the Lord (Ex 12:12, NLT).
2. God’s people (Israel) were protected from these events. When flies came on the land, there
were none among the Israelites (Ex 8:22-23). When livestock began to die, Israel lost none
(Ex 9:4-7). When three days of darkness fell on the land, Israel had light (Ex 10:23).
3. Ex 8:23—In the context of Israel being protected, God directed Moses to tell Pharaoh that He
would put a division between my people and yours. Division means a redemption, a ransom.
A. God’s purposes are always redemptive. He isn’t looking for as many people as He can
find to destroy. God is looking for as many people He can find to save.
B. There were advance warnings before each plague occurred and some Egyptians realized
the Lord is God and heeded His word—Some of Pharaoh’s officials believed what the Lord
said (and) brought their livestock and servants in (before hail fell) (Ex 9:20, NLT).
c. The night before the firstborn in the land died the Lord told Moses to tell Pharaoh—But among the
Israelites it will be so peaceful that not even a dog will bark. Then you will know that the Lord
makes a distinction between the Egyptians and the Israelites (Ex 11:7, NLT). The Hebrew word
that is translated distinction means to separate, distinguish, or divide.
1. The Israelites were instructed to place the blood of a sacrificed lamb on their doorposts—When
I see the blood, I will pass over you. This plague of death will not touch you (Ex 12:13, NLT)
2. Not a single person (man, woman, child, or animal) died that night. A clear distinction was
made between those who belong to Almighty God and those who don’t.
d. The very first time the word wrath is used in the Bible in connection with God is also found in this
account of God’s deliverance of Israel from bondage.
1. After the death of the firstborn, Pharaoh released Israel from bondage. However, he quickly
changed his mind and came after them, trapping them at the Red Sea. God parted the waters
and Israel escaped. When the Egyptian army attempted to follow, the sea closed on them and
Israel was saved. On the other side of the sea Israel had a victory celebration.
2. As part of their victory song celebrating the Lord’s deliverance of them they sang: In the

TCC—1094
3
greatness of your majesty you overthrow your adversaries; you send out your fury (wrath); it
consumes them like stubble (Ex 15:7, ESV).
3. Based on the writings of the prophets, the first Christians understood that the wrath of the Lord
means the removal of the wicked.
3. God’s deliverance of Israel from Egyptian bondage is a historical event, an event actually occurred. But
as with many things in the Old Testament, it pictured what Jesus would do for those who put faith in
Him. He is our Passover Lamb, our Redeemer, our Deliverer. I Cor 5:7
a. Through the sacrifice of Himself He delivered all who put faith in Him from the wrath and judgment
to come (I Thess 1:10; I Thess 5:9: Rom 5:9). This means several things.
1. Remember what God’s wrath is. It is His right and just response to sin. The penalty for sin is
eternal separation from God. At death, all who have not acknowledged Jesus as Savior and
Lord experience the wrath of God. They go to a place of separation called Hell. John 3:36
A. This is temporary because, in connection with the second coming of Jesus, all who are in
Hell will be brought out to stand before the Lord and be formally sentenced for their
rebellion against God. Rev 20:11-15
B. It will be clearly shown why it is right and just to separate the wicked from God and His
family and they will be forever confined to the second death also known as the lake of fire.
2. The hour of God’s judgment that is mentioned in Revelation (Rev 14:7) doesn’t refer to what
happens to the people alive on earth in the last seven years. It applies to every human being
who has ever lived, and it will occur at some point after that seven year period of tribulation.
A. Rev 11:18—God’s people will be rewarded with eternal life on the renewed and restored
earth. And those who throughout human history have rejected God’s offer of salvation
from sin will be forever banished from the family home. Rev 11:18
B. Jesus Himself said: At the end of (this present age) I, the Son of Man, will send my
angels, and they will remove from my Kingdom everything that causes sin and all who do
evil. Then the godly will shine like the sun in their Father’s kingdom (Matt 13:41-43,
NLT).
b. We struggle with the terms wrath and judgment because we muddy the waters by wrongly defining
them and misapplying them.
1. Someone has a car accident and we declare that God is punishing them for wrong doing. Or a
huge storm hits the east coast and we call it judgment from God because Congress didn’t vote
the way we believe they should have. There are no grounds for making such statements.
2. In the Scriptures God’s wrath and judgment is clearly connected to Him (by His own words
through His prophets) and the results clearly advance His redemptive purposes in some way
(many lessons for another day).
4. Also built into the consciousness of the first Christians was the idea that it is right to separate the wicked
from the good (the righteous) and to protect the good from judgment. Those who are God’s are good.
a. Before we proceed I need to make one point clear. We could teach numerous lessons on this topic.
Goodness or righteousness is a gift given to those who put faith in Christ.
b. We don’t earn God’s protection from wrath and judgment on sin. We receive it through His grace
as part of the blessing He gives to those who are His. Rom 5:17; Eph 2:8-9; Rom 10:9-10; etc.
1. Rom 5:8-10—But God showed his great love for us by sending Christ to die for us while we
were still sinners. And since we have been made right in God’s sight by the blood of Christ, he
will certainly save us from God’s judgment. For since we were restored to friendship with
God by the death of his Son while we were still his enemies, we will certainly be delivered from
eternal punishment by his life (NLT)
2. We face the hour of judgment in Christ (lessons for another day): And as we live in God, our
love grows more perfect. So we will not be afraid on the day of judgment, but we can face him
with confidence because we are like Christ here in this world (I John 4:17, NLT).

TCC—1094
4
5. The second time the word judge is used in the Bible in connection with the Lord is in Gen 18:25. It is
basically the same word used in the Exodus account. It means to pronounce sentence for or against.
a. Preincarnate Jesus (before He took on flesh) appeared to Abraham as He was on His way to Sodom
and Gomorrah (lots in the account that we aren’t going to discuss now). But Abraham asked the
Lord: Will you destroy the righteous with the wicked?
1. In that conversation Abraham makes the statement: Shall not the Judge of all the earth execute
judgment and do righteously (Gen 18:25, Amp). In response, the Lord makes it clear that the
righteous will not experience judgment for the sins of the wicked.
2. Last week we pointed out that righteous Lot and his family were delivered from Sodom before
destruction came. Judgment could not begin until they were removed. Gen 19:14; 21-22
b. Luke 17:26-30—Jesus compared the season of His return to the days of Noah and Lot. Both the
flood of Noah and the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah were judgments for sin (we’ll discuss
them in some detail in later lessons). But the first Christians knew from the Bible that God
delivered righteous Noah and Lot before judgment came.
1. When they received a book from John the apostle (the Book of Revelation) that described in
detail the catastrophic events that will precede the Lord’s return to execute wrath and judgment,
they knew that they would be delivered. It gave them hope. God’s enemies will be defeated
and His plan for a family in a renewed world will be completed.
2. They had numerous examples in the Scriptures to encourage them—from Noah in the flood
lifted up above it inside the ark, to Lot removed from Sodom just in time, to Israel in Egypt
protected during the plagues and then delivered through the Red Sea, with their enemies
completely vanquished.