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3. We aren’t going to do a detailed study of Israel’s history, but we need several important facts about their
history to help us set the context for the Old Testament.
a. Around 2086 BC Almighty God revealed Himself to a man named Abraham and led him to the land
of Canaan (modern day Israel) to settle. His descendants eventually grew into the nation of Israel.
1. Throughout most of their history up until just a few hundred years before Jesus was born, Israel
repeatedly abandoned God to worship the idols and false gods of the people who lived around
them in Canaan. They also adopted the immoral lifestyles associated with idol worship.
2. As a result, at various times in their history the Hebrew people committed many gross sins.
For example, they placed idols in God’s temple at Jerusalem and worshipped them (Ezek 8).
They made idols of wood and stone and worshipped them as their Creator instead of God (Jer
2:27). They sacrificed their babies to idols by burning them alive (Ps 106:37-38).
b. When God brought Israel into the Promised Land He warned them that if they worshipped the gods
of the people around them He would allow their enemies to overrun them (Deut 4:25-28). They did
not heed His warning.
1. Over several hundred years God sent numerous prophets to warn Israel that destruction at the
hands of their enemies was coming if they did not turn from their idol worship back to the Lord.
Many of those warning are recorded in the prophecy books of the Old Testament.
2. Israel rejected God’s many warnings, and, as a result, experienced the consequences of their
horrific sins. They were overrun by their enemies and ultimately taken away as captives.
That is the context of many of the “disturbing” verses in the Old Testament.
3. Because people don’t understand context, they misapply verses written to and about Israel
when they abandoned God to worships idols. They attempt to apply them to Joe Christian
who’s doing his best to serve the Lord but falls short from time to time.
c. One of God’s primary purposes in the Old Testament was to reveal Himself to Israel and the nations
around Israel as God Almighty, the Only All-Powerful God. There are no other gods.
1. When God set Abraham and his descendants apart as the ones through whom Jesus would come
into the world, the entire world was polytheistic (worshipped many gods). Only Israel
worshipped one God (was monotheistic), and they struggled with it.
A. Many Israelites got into idol worship while in bondage in Egypt and then went back to it on
the way to Canaan after they were delivered from Egypt. Ezek 20:6-10; Ex 32:1-6
B. When Israel finally entered the land of Canaan and settled there, they repeatedly fell back
to worshipping idols and all the foul practices tied to it.
2. The Old Testament writers connected many destructive events with God, not because He
caused them, but to help Israel and surrounding nations recognize that there is no other god, no
other power. This is why there are so many power demonstrations directly connected to Him.
A. God wanted men to see that calamity came, not because the fire god was angry or the
harvest god needed to be appeased, but because they were out of right relationship with
Him due to idol worship.
B. If God had clearly revealed Himself as a loving Father to a world with many gods, Israel
and the surrounding nations may have concluded that God is the love god, just one more
god among many gods.
C. There is very little mention of the Triune God (Father, Son, and Holy Spirit) or Satan in the
Old Testament for the same reason. God’s message was: I am the One and Only God.
4. We must also understand that in the Hebrew language there is a verb tense that is permissive rather than
causative. God is said to do what He in fact only allows. For example we read: God brought sickness
among the people or God killed them.
a. The text does in fact say that God allowed sickness among the people. But the verb tense is similar

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to an idiom in English, like the phrase, “It’s raining cats and dogs”. We who speak the language
know the phrase doesn’t mean cats and dogs are falling from the sky, it means lots of rain is falling.
1. In the same way, the original readers of the Old Testament understood God did to mean God
allowed. We sometimes mishear God allows as, because God didn’t stop it, He willed it.
2. We must be clear what we mean by God allows. God allows people to sin and go to Hell.
This does not mean He is for it or behind it in any way.
b. As I said a moment ago, God warned Israel that if they worshipped the gods of the people around
them they would eventually be overrun by their enemies. Deut 4:25-28
1. Just as God said, when Israel abandoned Him for idols, Assyria, Egypt, and Babylon (among
other nations) at various times attacked Israel. Assyria is called the rod of God’s anger (Isa
10:5). King Shishak of Egypt is called the instrument of God’s wrath (II Chron 12:7).
Babylon’s destruction of Israel is called God’s wrath (II Chron 36:15-17).
2. When the Old Testament says Assyria and Egypt were instruments of God’s anger and national
destruction was His wrath, it does not mean that God motivated or manipulated Egypt, Assyria,
or Babylon. They acted out of free will.
3. In the Old Testament God connected events to Himself—even though He was not behind them
in any way—because He wanted His people to understand that troubles come when you are out
of right relationship with Me.
c. The Old Testament is a record of God’s unfolding plan to deliver humanity from sin, corruption, and
death through the Cross of Christ. Remember, God’s purposes are always redemptive. He’s
looking for people He can save, not destroy.
1. In order for people to appreciate the salvation Jesus provides, mankind must recognize our true
condition before God—guilty of sin before a holy God and powerless to do anything about it.
2. One of God’s primary purposes in the Old Testament is to build into human consciousness the
fact that sin destroys so that men wake up to their need for a Savior before they experience the
ultimate destruction that comes from sin—eternal separation from God in a place called Hell.
3. We must understand that redemptive issues are involved. When Adam sinned and took the
human race and the earth into the pigpen of sin, corruption and death, God put His Word out
that the Redeemer (Jesus) would come to earth and undo the damage done. Gen 3:15
A. At that point He marked out the line through which Jesus would come into this world (Luke
3:23-38). The Lord progressively revealed more details, first identifying the people group
through which Jesus would come (Abraham’s descendants, Gen 12:1-13), then a tribe in
that group (Judah, Gen 49:10), and finally a family within the tribe (the family of David,
II Sam 7:12-13).
B. If these people would have permanently given themselves over to idol worship they would
have lost their unique identity, God’s Word would not have been fulfilled, and His plan of
redemption would not have been accomplished. The destiny of the entire human race was
at stake. Israel had to be cured of idol worship.
C. In 586 BC God allowed the Babylonian Empire to conquer Israel (Judah), destroy the city
of Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple, and removed Abraham’s descendants from their
homeland for seventy years. That cured them of idol worship. They never again
abandoned Almighty God to serve idols.
5. Let’s consider two example where knowing how to read the Old Testament in its historical and cultural
context helps us understand the “scary” verses.
a. Isa 45:7 seems to say that God creates evil. In this passage God is speaking to Cyrus, king of
Persia, an empire that ruled over Israel at one point in its history. The Persians believed in a god
of good (the god of light) and a god of evil (the god of darkness).

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1. By His statement, God was making it clear to King Cyrus: “I am in complete control of
everything (light, dark, good, evil, you) because I am God Almighty. There is no other god.”
If we read the rest of the passage this point is clear. Isa 45:21-22
2. When the Old Testament records God making statements such as I create evil or I make deaf
ears and blind eyes (Ex 4:11), God is not saying that He does bad to people or makes them blind
or sick. God is declaring His omnipotence. He is the only power. There is no other god.
b. Ex 20:5 is another verse used to prove that God brings bad circumstances to people. God made this
statement as part of the Ten Commandments given to Israel through Moses on their way to the
Promised Land. He had just told Israel that they were not to have any other gods but Him.
1. Israel did not obey God. Once in the land of Canaan, they repeatedly worshipped false gods.
Eventually, as God had warned them through His prophets, the Israelites were overrun and
scattered by their enemies—first Assyria and then Babylon.
2. The Babylonians took Israel into captivity where they remained for seventy years. As a result,
their children were born in bondage in Babylon, down to the time of their grandchildren and
great-grandchildren—down to the third and forth generations,
3. In Ex 20:5 God wasn’t declaring His plan to punish people down to the fourth generation. He
was warning Israel of the consequences they would face if they worshipped idols in Canaan.